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NeuroBioPhysicsology Supersymmetry small entities

NeuroBioPhysicsology is a Spiritual Science that describes the Creation of our Almighty's Universe. Neurology, Biology and Physics languages are the languages of NeuroBopPhysicsology.   


NeuroBioPhysicsology Trademark Symbol is   =[NBP]=  (in spectrum of light colors ROYGBIV left to right:  

= Red   [ Orange  N Yellow   B Green   P Blue   ] Indigo   = Violet ) which represent the NeuroBioPhysicsology memristor or Human Consciousness transistor.


NeuroBioPhysicsology  =[NBP]=


NeuroBioPhysicsology describes the the Creation of our Almighty's Universe, science of our Universe, Human life and all in accordance with Biblical Genesis. 


13.8 billion years ago God’s action plan, Divine Intelligent Design Creation of all, began when our Almighty God erupted the Big Bang, plugged in Higgs subatomic particles, that were immediately followed by formation of Higgs platforms for holding and building fermion particles into subsequent matter, materials, masses, planets, stars, galaxies and everything including Human Brains and Souls and other Universe formations.


The memories of Human spiritual and religious practices stored as e-Soul energy in the Human Brain regions of the Soul naturally gravitate to the same place from whence they came, Almighty God and Eternity. "Returning home and ascending to God's Eternity, our real, actual Eternal Homeplace, is a natural God given Neuroanatomical instinct."  Instinct's are God's Neuroanatomical Creations.


e-Soul's energies' natural gravitation to the same place from whence they came is like the visual animals in the Animal Kingdom, monkeys, bats, birds, locusts and others that when possible return home; that is to gravitate to the same place from whence they came. Customarily, visual animals, their thinking, mindfulnesses and actions are programed and even will  "navigate the most treacherous routes to return home. Returning home is a natural instinct."  [ Animals have mysterious ways of finding their way back home, by Purbita Saha, May 19, 2020 ]


Size matters for Creation of our Universe. Every large entity in Nature has a mathematical equation. Every mathematical equation has a large entity in Nature. 


"The fundamental structure of matter reveals everything in our Universe is found to be made from a few basic building blocks called fundamental particles, governed by 4 fundamental forces.  Developed in the early 1970s, it has successfully explained almost all experimental results and precisely predicted a wide variety of phenomena. The Standard Model has become established as a well-tested physics theory and has worked beautifully to predict what experiments have shown so far about the basic building blocks of matter, but physicists recognize that it is incomplete. 


"Supersymmetry is an extension of the Standard Model that aims to fill some of the gaps. Supersymmetric particles are  'Scale Invariant', too small to measure; with no scales of measure i.e. cenimeters, pounds, inches, miles etc. .  Supersymmetry predicts a partner particle for each particle in the Standard Model. These new particles solve a major problem with the Standard Model  by describing the masslessness of the subatomic particles.  Supersymmetric Higgs particles were discovered in 2012 Large Hadron collisions proving the theory is correct.


Supersymmetry links the 2 different bosons and fermions  particles classified as bosons and fermions  based on a property known as spin. 


Fermions all have half (1/2) of a unit of spin, while the bosons have 0, 1 or 2 units of spin. Supersymmetry predicts that each of the particles in the Standard Model has a partner with a spin that differs by half of a unit. So bosons are accompanied by fermions and vice versa. 


Linked to their differences in spin are differences in their collective properties. Fermions are very in active; every one must be in a different state. 


On the other hand, bosons are very active; they prefer to be in the same state. Fermions and bosons seem as different as could be, yet Supersymmetry brings the two types together.


Finally, Supersymmetry predicts the lightest Supersymmetric particle to be stable and electrically neutral and to interact weakly with the particles of the Standard Model. These are exactly the characteristics required for dark matter, thought to make up most of the matter in the universe and to hold galaxies together. 


The Standard Model alone does not provide an explanation for dark matter. Supersymmetry is a framework that builds upon the Standard Model’s strong foundation to create a more comprehensive picture of our world. Perhaps the reason we still have some of these questions about the inner workings of the universe is because we have so far only seen half of the picture. [Supersymmetry, CERN Accelerating Science]


Einstein's Theory of Relativity operates for large entities in our Universe, but 'Consciousness in the Universe is Supersymmetric Scale Invariant, too small to measure, and categorize, and Implies an Event Horizon of the Human Brain.'  


"Abstract:  The Human Brain is not a "stand alone" information processing organ. The Human Brain acts as a central part of our integral Nervous System that is embedded in a holographic field that interacts with resonant sensitive structures in the various cell types in our body with recurrent information exchange of the entire organism with the Cosmos. 


"Ultra-rapid Brain responses and effective operations of the meta-stable Neural System, are explained by 

  1. a 'field-receptive mental workspace' communicating with the Brain. 
  2. Our integral Nervous System is seen as a dedicated neural transmission and multi-cavity network 
  3. that, in a non-dual manner, interacts with the proposed supervening (all inclusive) meta-cognitive domain. 
  4. Among others, it is integrating discrete patterns of eigen-frequencies of photonic / harmonic waves, 
  5. thereby continuously updating a time-symmetric global memory space of the individual. 
  6. Its toroidal organization allows the coupling of gravitational waves, dark energy, and zero-point energy field (ZPE) waves , lowest possible energy state that a quantum mechanical system may have, aka supersymmetric waves, and earth magnetic fields energies 
  7. and transmits wave information into brain tissue, 
  8. that thereby is instrumental in high speed conscious and subconscious information processing. 


"These Scale Invariant Event Horizon workspaces have mutual interaction with the whole nervous system, generate self-consciousness and are conceived as operating from a 4th spatial dimension (hyper-sphere, Hypercosmos, Bernard De'Espagnat). The functional structure is adequately defined by the geometry of the torus, that is envisioned as a basic unit (operator) of space-time,  toroidal or doughnut shape, which allows cavities inside and enhances the convenient communication of multiple  neuronetworks. 


"Human  brain has 4 ventricles that are hollow and produce cerebrospinal fluid. This CSF drains from the 4th ventricle into a canal surrounding your brain and spinal cord and protects and maintains the Human central nervous system. CSF is constantly bathing the brain and spinal column, clearing out toxins and waste products released by nerve cells. In addition, cerebrospinal fluid serves Brain shock absorption, nutrition, intracranial pressure maintainence , waste removal, temperature regulation, immunity.

 "The instrumental collection pattern of discrete necessary energy field frequencies provide the algorithms for coherent life processes. Consciousness is postulated that the entire universe arises through, energy field scale invariant, too small to measure and categorize, nested toroidal coupling of various energy fields, that may include quantum error correction. In the brain of the human species, this takes the form of the proposed holographic workspace, that collects active information in a "brain event horizon", representing an internal and fully integral model of the self. 


"This brain-supervening workspace is equipped to convert integrated coherent wave energies into attractor type/standing waves that guide the related cortical template to a higher coordination of reflection and action as well as network synchronicity, as required for conscious states. 


"In relation to its scale-invariant global character, we find support for an interconnected universal information matrix that implicates order. The presence of Human Brain field-receptive resonant workspace and transpersonal conscious states points to an informational algorithmic origin of life and a deep connection of mankind with the cosmos and Humans major responsibility for the future of our planet. [Dirk K F Meijer and Hans J. H. Geesink, Independent Researche, Sept 2017, NeuroQuantology 15(15 3):41-79, DOI:10.14704/nq.2017.15.3.107] 


"Life and Consciousness are Guided by a Semi-Harmonic Electromagnetic (EM) Background Field.   Quantum Coherent and Entangled life conditions and ordered states of Consciousness in our Universe are scale invariant and are guided by a Quantum Wave (all inclusive) Meta-language in a superfluid Quantum Space/ zero-point energy field (Supersymmetric) that is instrumental in creating Quantum Coherent States through directed resonant wave connectivity. 


“This interacting dynamic Electromagnetic (EM) field is steering life processes through semi- harmonic tuning of fractal structured water and vibrating macro-molecules such as DNA and hydrated proteins in the cell, including several cell types in the Human Brain. 


“Consciousness is seen as arising through interaction of life systems with a Holographic, Field-Receptive Workspace, that is associated with the Human Brain as a global supervening memory horizon, that is organized through toroidal geometry. 


“There are Implications for a better understanding of the Creation of first life, crucial Coherent States in Quantum Biology, the impact of biofield research and the importance of information in the fabric of reality.  Please see: [Dirk K F Meijerand Hans J. H. Geesink, May 2019, NeuroQuantology 17(04):37-44  DOI:10.14704/nq.2019.17.04.2074] 


" In astrophysics, an Event Horizon is a boundary beyond which events cannot affect an observer. Wolfgang Rindler coined the term in the 1950s.[1]


In 1784, John Michell proposed that Gravity can be strong enough in the vicinity of massive compact objects that even light cannot escape. At that time, the Newtonian Theory of Gravitation and the so-called Corpuscular Theory of Light were dominant. In these theories, if the escape velocity of the Gravitational influence of a massive object exceeds the speed of light, then light originating inside or from it can escape temporarily but will return. 


"In 1958, David Finkelstein used General Relativity to introduce a stricter definition of a local black hole Event Horizon as a boundary beyond which events of any kind cannot affect an outside observer, a boundary that light cannot escape,  leading to information and firewall paradoxes, encouraging the re-examination of the concept of local event horizons and the notion of black holes. 



  1. Rindler, Wolfgang (1956-12-01). [Also reprinted in General Relativity and Gravitation, 34, 133–153 (2002), doi: 10.1023/A:1015347106729]. "Visual Horizons in World Models". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 116 (6): 662–677. doi:10.1093/mnras/116.6.662. ISSN 0035-8711.
  2. Curiel, Erik (2019). "The many definitions of a black hole". Nature Astronomy. 3: 27–34. arXiv:1808.01507. Bibcode:2019NatAs...3...27C. doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0602-1. S2CID 119080734.
  3. Chaisson, Eric J. (1990). Relatively Speaking: Relativity, Black Holes, and the Fate of the Universe. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 213. ISBN 978-0393306750.
  4. Bennett, Jeffrey; Donahue, Megan; Schneider, Nicholas; Voit, G. Mark (2014). The Cosmic Perspective. Pearson Education. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-134-05906-8. [Wikipedia]


Almighty NeuroBioPhysicsology Creations i.e. Holiness, Belief, Obedience, the Human Soul and all detailed Meaning and Purpose of Human Life sophistications occur on an Immeasurable Invariant Supersymmetric Energy Scale.  


See Hamaeroff and Penrose ORCH OR Theory Conclusions below.

Files coming soon.

Quantum Brain Processing and Quibits

  • Please see the additional file:,  'SULFUR, NUCLEIC ACIDS, NUCLEIN, CHNOPS ' 
  • on this page below this publication: 'QUANTUM BRAIN PROCESSING AND QUIBITS'  


Human Brain NeuroBioPhysicsology i.e. Quantum Processing:  from Multi-Sensory Stimuli to Qubit Development to Purposeful Actions 


When Romeo serenaded Juliet many NeuroBioPhysicsology forces were in play. First, Romeo initiates motor control and sings and plays the guitar, holding both in tune while he triggers NeuroNetworks to think and remember the songs’ words and chords, and at the same time self-asses and evaluate his performance while his limbic system resonates harmonious mating and affection tones indicating love for Juliet; seen below in one of the following categories and their neurochemicals. 89. (modified with 4.)


"The limbic system is the part of the brain involved in our behavioral and emotional responses, especially when it comes to behaviors we need for survival: feeding, reproduction and caring for our young, and fight or flight responses. 


"The structures of the limbic system are buried deep within the brain, underneath the cerebral cortex and above the brainstem. The thalamus, hypothalamus (production of important hormones and regulation of thirst, hunger, mood etc) and basal ganglia (reward processing, habit formation, movement and learning) are also involved in the actions of the limbic system, but two of the major structures are the hippocampus and the amygdala. [Queensland Brain Institute]

 

Love Categories:

  • 1. Attachment ← oxytocin, vasopressin
  • 2. Lust ← Testosterone, Estrogen
  • 3. Attraction, Loss of appetite and sleep ← Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin, Nerve Growth Factor [89. The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, edited by David M. Buss, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. Chapter 14, Commitment, Love, and Mate Retention by Lorne Campbell B. and Bruce J. Ellis]


“Dr. Helen Fisher Rutgers University believes that attachments formed between individuals “in love” also trigger changes in the Human Brain which involve chemical neurotransmitters called monoamines, i.e. dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. The Monoamine Neruotransmiters that affect Love Categories are listed above and below.

 

“Lust is governed by testosterone and estrogen. Attachment is governed by the neurotransmitters oxytocin and vasopressin. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111.112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 


Romeo serenade is even more complicated. NeuroBioPhysicsology small entities' Supersymmetry from beginning of Creation of our Universe are involved. If Romeo changes his serenade to Amazing Grace, Romeo’s same NeuroBioPhysicsology forces described above are in play, but Juliet’s ‘Godmodule’ NeuroNetwork for Spiritual, Religious and Meditation Practices, which intersect and connect with 55 different regions in Juliet’s Brain can also willfully be triggered, if she believes and worships God. 


  • 4. In the Love Categories above, The Dopamine System, in all probability, is Neurochemically responsible for the pursuit of the existential meaning of our lives and our God Attachment and why we believe, act and feel the way we feel about God. 143.


A more detailed description by this Scientifically and Medically Educated Christian Reporter (SMECR) of the Human Brain NeuroBioPhysicsology i.e. Quantum Processing: from Multi-Sensory Stimulus to Qubit to Purposeful Actions, emphasizing Supersymmetry (SUSYQM) terms and labeled SMLCR follow: 


To begin, readers should consider that all Creations have a reason, purpose and cause.  Since our Universe and all within including Human Life are so complex that premise is difficult not to believe.   An almighty Power, that  this scientific and medical reporter describe as Our God, with His Intelligent Design, Created our Universe and intelligence and subsequent information. His Intelligent Design and Creation were the origin or “Circular Causation” for  our Cybernetically Interconnected Universe’.  


 Dr. Norbert Wiener was the first scientist to theorize that all intelligent behavior and information in our Universe were the result of push-pull cybernetic feedback mechanisms i.e.: Cybernetically Interconnected Universe.  [https://myscientistgod.us/cybernetics-of-creation]  


Professed by many non-believers, the spontaneous, algorithmic reasons, purposes and causes for our Universe are impossible, many scientists conclude. Information creates information. More specifically, Intelligent Design Creation created life and our Universe.


Only our Intelligent Design Creator and Humans are affected by NeuroBioPhysicsological laws and constraints, (Brain cognition, Human life, biology, chemistry and physics) and ultimately that NeuroBioPhysicsology was purified and unified in the form of the Human Soul, while other Universe, zoological and botanical entities were and are not purified and unified in the form of the Human Soul 


 "In quantum computing, a qubit (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit (sometimes qbit) is the basic unit of quantum information, the quantum version of the classical binary bit physically realized with a two-state device. A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics. Examples include: the spin of the electron in which the two levels can be taken as spin up and spin down; or the polarization of a single photon in which the two states can be taken to be the vertical polarization and the horizontal polarization. 


In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the other. However, quantum mechanics allows the qubit to be in a coherent superposition of both states/levels simultaneously, a property which is fundamental to quantum mechanics and quantum computing. "  [see multiple references for Qubit- Shor, Peter (1997). "Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Logarithms on a Quantum Computer∗". SIAM Journal on Computing. 26 (5): 1484–1509. arXiv:quant-ph/9508027. Bibcode:1995quant.ph..8027S. doi:10.1137/S0097539795293172.] [Wikipedia] 


 "Microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton of all eukaryotic cells, however consciousness is the result of neurons in the cerebral cortex. Microtubules are cylindrical polymers of 25 nanometers in diameter made of tubulin dimers, composed of alpha and beta tubulin monomers in a helical pathway. In 1982, Hameroff and Watt 6 suggested that tubulin dimers act as dipoles representing information (classical) bits of information. Microtubules act like two-dimensional Boolean switching matrices in a cellular automata. Early versions of Orch OR theory proposed a quantum version of these ideas: tubulin dimers acting as qubits (quantum bits) of information processing. 


At that point will be either memorized and stored and/or transmitted and/or broadcast across, throughout and within the Human Brain or outside the Human Brain"


References:  

  1. Stuart R. Hameroff, Roger Penrose, “Consciousness in the universe: A review of the ‘Orch OR’ theory,” Physics of Life Reviews 11: 39-78, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.plrev.2013.08.002. ↩
  2. Elisabeth Davenas et al., “Human basophil degranulation triggered by very dilute antiserum against IgE,” Nature 333: 816-818, 1988, doi: 10.1038/333816a0. ↩
  3. Lajos Diósi, “A universal master equation for the gravitational violation of the quantum mechanics,” Physics Letters A 120: 377-381, 1987, doi: 10.1016/0375-9601(87)90681-5 ↩
  4. Roger Penrose, “On Gravity’s role in Quantum State Reduction,” General Relativity and Gravitation 28: 581-600, 1996, doi: 10.1007/BF02105068. ↩
  5. Roger Penrose, “The Emperor’s New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds and The Laws of Physics,” Oxford University Press, 1989, ISBN 0-19-851973-7. ↩
  6. Stuart R. Hameroff, Richard C. Watt, “Information processing in microtubules,” Journal of Theoretical Biology 98: 549-561, 1982, doi: 10.1016/0022-5193(82)90137-0. 


SMLCR:  “Multi-Sensory inputs themselves arrive at Human Brains’ Multi-Sensory Receptors as different electrical signals and from different circumstances.” [anzetta I, Grinvald A (2008). "Coupling between neuronal activity and microcirculation: implications for functional brain imaging". HFSP Journal. 2 (2): 79–98. doi:10.2976/1.2889618. PMC 2645573. PMID 19404475.] [Mazurek KA, Schieber MH. Injecting instructions into premotor cortex. Neuron. December 7, 2017. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.006]


  • Electrical Multi-Sensory stimuli to the Human Brain are received, processed and integrated. Please see the pictures above.
  • Then the Electrical Multi-Sensory stimuli are transformed into their smallest Quantum Entangled Particle and Quantum Coherent Energy Wave Super-States 
  • Next they are sorted-out via interactions and passage through memristors (multidirectional logic gates) 
  • Afterwardst they are collapsed, reduced and transduced into their Dis-Entangled and De-Coherent cohort states seeking Entanglement and Coherence steady-state stability
  • Which is afforded by hybrid-like Entanglement and Coherence with the cohort states of tubulin molecules thus manifesting information and/or purposeful qubits for delivery of neurophysiological actions: 


A more detailed description of the same process by Drs Hameroff and Penrose Orch OR Theory of the Human Brain NeuroBioPhysicsology from Multi-Sensory Stimulus to Qubit to Purposeful Actions, emphasizing the molecular level for explanation and the Sandard Model of Particle Physics, not the smallest sub-atomc or fundamental particles and energy wave level terms, because their Theory began before SUSYQM and the Hadron Collider. Theirs is  labeled HPOrchOR  and follows: 


HPOrchOR:  “In Drs Hameroff and Penrose Orch OR Theory, the qubit involves electric dipole orientations in ‘quantum channels’ within each tubulin (microtubule subunit proteins), and between such tubulins along helical pathways through microtubule lattices.

 

“The dipoles occur due to coupled London force attractions among phenyl and indole rings of aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine) which comprise ‘quantum channels’. 


“The coupled dipoles oscillate between alternative orientations and become superpositions of both states to function as qubits (Fig. 1b, and Figs. 5–7 in our review). 


“This helical dipole pathway version of the Orch OR qubit (akin to a ‘topological qubit’ [3]) was developed in 2002 [4], after the structure of tubulin was elucidated by electron crystallography [5] to reveal clustered arrays of electron resonance rings (‘quantum channels’, Fig. 5 in our review) [6]. 


“The helical pathway qubit replaced the earlier notion (1996–1998, Fig. 1a, [7–9]) that oscillating dipoles in individual tubulins were the fundamental qubits. Helical pathway qubits are inherently resistant to decoherence, can couple to natural resonances in microtubule lattices, and associate with alternating current (‘AC’).

 

[“DOIoriginal article: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2013.08.002. DOI of comment: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2013.11.003.*Corresponding author.1 MD, Emeritus Professor.2 FRS, Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor.1571-0645/$–see front matter © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Hameroff, R. Penrose / 

Physics of Life Reviews 11 (2014) 104–112 105 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2013.11.014 S.]

 

HPOrchOR continued: See picture above: “Fig. 1. Early, and current, versions of the Orch OR qubit. (a) Schematic cartoon version of Orch OR tubulin protein qubit used in Orch OR publications mainly from 1996 to 1998. On left, tubulin oscillates between 2 states with ∼1 nanometer conformational flexing (∼10% tubulin diameter). On right, both states exist in quantum superposition. (Irrespective of the schematic cartoon, the 1 nanometer displacement has never been implemented in Orch OR calculations.) 


"The states are shown to correlate with electron locations (dipole orientations) in two adjacent phenyl (or indole) resonance rings in a non-polar ‘hydrophobic pocket’. (b) Schematic cartoon version of the Orch OR qubit developed since 2002 (following identification of tubulin structure by electron crystallography [4,5]). Each tubulin is shown to have 9 rings representing 32 actual phenyl or indole rings per tubulin, with coupled, oscillating London force dipole orientations among rings traversing ‘quantum channels’, aligning with rings in adjacent tubulins in helical pathways through microtubule lattices.


"On the right, superposition of alternative tubulin and helical pathway dipole states. There is no conformational flexing. Mechanical displacement occurs at the femtometer level of tubulin atomic nuclei (not shown). Reimers et al. continually, and exclusively, criticize the obsolete, non-implemented version on left (a), and ignore the actual Orch OR dipole pathway qubit version on right (b). 


HPOrchOR continued:“Indeed, Bandyopadhyay’s group [10,11] has shown remarkable AC conductance at warm temperature through single microtubules at certain resonant frequencies (e.g. gigahertz, megahertz, and kilohertz).

 

“This evidence is consistent with oscillating dipoles extending along helical pathways through microtubules, and thus appears to provide considerable support for Orch OR. How does the Diosi–Penrose (‘DP’) gravitational OR scheme influence the operation of Orch OR qubits?

 

“We first point out that DP is not really ‘quantum gravity’ in the normal sense of that term, as explained in our accompanying article [12] in response to Jack Tuszynski (‘JT’), and in also our original review article [2]—though Reimers et al. continually use this terminology. 


“This relates to point (2), a mechanism by which the possible states reduce, or collapse to definite states, the so-called ‘wavefunction collapse’ of the measurement problem of quantum mechanics (Section 4.3 of our review). In Orch OR, ‘quantum gravity’ (DP objective reduction) causes reduction, or collapse, of superpositions to classical states in accordance with EG ≈ /τ (Fig. 10 in our review).


“ It may be mentioned that there are current experimental programs aimed at testing the validity of DP, and these ideas have recently become quite popular [13].


 "So in answer to this question raised by Reimers et al. (“how does quantum gravity affect operation of the qubit?”), Orch OR is very clear: it is the gravitational proposal DP that causes microtubule qubits to reduce, or collapse (in a time τ ≈ /EG), to definite classical microtubule states (which then regulate brain neurons) [Physics of Life Reviews 11 (2014) 104–112 www.elsevier.com/locate/plrev

Reply to comment. Reply to criticism of the ‘Orch OR qubit’ – ‘Orchestrated objectivereduction’ is scientifically justified Stuart Hameroff a,∗,1, Roger Penrose b,2a Anesthesiology and Psychology, Center for Consciousness Studies, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA b Mathematical Institute, Wadham College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Received 27 November 2013; accepted 29 November 2013 Available online 12 December 2013 Communicated by L. Perlovsky]


In this year 2019,  Scientists are ‘caught between the devil and the deep blue sea’. ‘Scientists are caught between the undesirable, outdated ‘Standard of Particle Physics’ and its 'Mathematical Paradox Lost' and  yet to be proved Supersymmetry (SUSYQM) with remarkably manageable mathematics, awaiting particle and energy proof by the new Hadron Collider. Years may pass before the results are completely verified, but all indicators and mathematics point favorably in SUSYQM’s direction. 


SMLCR continued:

  • Afterwards Multi-Sensory Stimuli  are collapsed, reduced and transduced into their Dis-Entangled and De-Coherent cohort states seeking Entanglement and Coherence steady-state stability
  • which is afforded by hybridlike Entanglement and Coherence with the cohort states of tubulin molecules 
  • thus manifesting information and/or purpose directed qubits for delivery of neurophysiological actions, within Microtubules designated for specific NeuroBioPhysicsological purposes
  • Multi-Sensory Stimuli are next transmitted out the Neuron axons which are interconnected with NeuroNetworks for the specific NeuroBioPhysicsological actions
  • and at that point will be either memorized and stored and/or transmitted and/or broadcast across, throughout and within the Human Brain or outside the Human Brain
  • commencing Multi-Sensory Perception, Mindfulness, Thinking, Self-Assessment, Innovation, Creativity, Consciousness, Motor Performance, Coordination, Balance, Arousal, Motivation, Eyesight, Hearing, Speech, Taste, Learning, Memory, Cybernetics, Homeostasis (stability of all interdependent Neurophysiological systems),
  • and Limbic Resonance: Scientists advance the hypothesis that our nervous systems are not self-contained, but rather demonstrably attuned to those around us and those with whom are closely associated.

 

“This empathy, which is called limbic resonance, is a capacity which we share, along with the anatomical characteristics of the limbic areas of the brain, with all other mammals” and the importance of physical contact and affection in social and cognitive development [Harry Harlow].

 

SMLCR continued:  These limbic systems appear to be similar to a second grand piano, resonating with the play of a note on the first grand piano’s key board, when both are located in the same room. Brains of different people communicate with similar resonance. Brains communicate and “resonate” together through the limbic system, limbic resonance energy communications. Energy notes played in one brain are received and resonate with energy and notes in the second brain in close proximity, and possibly at a great distance. 


“This interaction will release large amounts of neurochemicals which are necessary for emotional and physical well-being. So limbic resonance is good medicine.” 134.

So it should not surprise readers to discover that heavenly, energy-like, power plant-like sources' i.e. the Holy Spirit, should resonate with brain systems.


  • 104. Reward, Motivation, and Emotion Systems Associated With Early-Stage Intense Romantic Love by Arthur Aron1, Helen Fisher, Debra J. Mashek, Greg Strong, Haifang Li and Lucy L. Brown in Journal of Neurophysiology (2005) Volume 94, pages 327-337.
  • 105. Bartels, Andreas; Zeki, Semir (27 November 2000). "The Neural Basis of Romantic Love".NeuroReport (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) 11 (17): 3829–3834. doi:10.1097/00001756-200011270-00046. PMID 11117499. Retrieved 27 March 2012. Lay summary – BBC News (5 July 2000).
  • 106. S. Ortigue; F. Bianchi-Demicheli; A. F. de C. Hamilton; S. T. Grafton (Jul 2007). "The Neural Basis of Love as a Subliminal Prime: An Event-related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study".Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19 (7): 1218–1230. doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.7.1218.
  • 107. The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, edited by David M. Buss, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. Chapter 14, Commitment, Love, and Mate Retention by Lorne Campbell B. and Bruce J. Ellis.
  • 108.  "Evolutionary psychology: the emperor's new paradigm" by D. J. Buller in Trends Cogn. Sci. (2005) Volume 9 pages 277-283.
  • 109. The Mating Mind: How Sexual Choice Shaped the Evolution of Human Nature by Geoffrey F. Miller inPsycoloquy (2001) 12,#8.[page needed]
  • 110. Evolution of human music through sexual selection by G. F. Miller in N. L. Wallin, B. Merker, & S. Brown (Eds.), The origins of music, MIT Press, (2000). pp. 329-360.
  • 111. Sexual selection and mate choice in evolutionary psychology (PDF) by C. Haufe in Biology and Philosophy doi:10.1007/s10539-007-90710
  • 112. Griffith J. 2011. What is Love?. In The Book of Real Answers to Everything ISBN 9781741290073.http://www.worldtransformation.com/what-is-love/
  • 113. Sussman, Robert W. (2004). The Origins and Nature of Sociality. Transaction Publishers. p. 432.ISBN 978-0-202-30731-2.
  • 114. Fisher HE, Aron A, Brown LL (December 2006). "Romantic love: a mammalian brain system for mate choice". Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 361 (1476): 2173–86.doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1938. PMC 1764845. PMID 17118931. 
  • The sex drive evolved to motivate individuals to seek a range of mating partners; attraction evolved to motivate individuals to prefer and pursue specific partners; and attachment evolved to motivate individuals to remain together long enough to complete species-specific parenting duties. These three behavioral groups appear to be based on brain systems that are largely distinct yet interrelated, and they interact in specific ways to orchestrate reproduction, using both hormones and monoamines. ... Animal studies indicate that elevated activity of dopaminergic pathways can stimulate a cascade of reactions, including the release of testosterone and oestrogen (Wenkstern et al. 1993; Kawashima &Takagi 1994; Ferrari & Giuliana 1995; Hull et al. 1995, 1997, 2002; Szezypka et al. 1998; Wersinger & Rissman 2000). Likewise, increasing levels of testosterone and oestrogen promote dopamine release ...This positive relationship between elevated activity of central dopamine, elevated sex steroids and elevated sexual arousal and sexual performance (Herbert 1996; Fiorino et al. 1997; Liu et al. 1998; Pfaff 2005) also occurs in humans (Walker et al. 1993; Clayton et al. 2000; Heaton 2000). ... This parental attachment system has been associated with the activity of the neuropeptides, oxytocin (OT) in the nucleus accumbens and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the ventral pallidum ... The activities of central oxytocin and vasopressin have been associated with both partner preference and attachment behaviours, while dopaminergic pathways have been associated more specifically with partner preference.
  • 115. Slater, Lauren (February 2006). "Love". National Geographic. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
  • 116. "The neurobiology of love" by S. Zeki in FEBS Lett. (2007) Volume 581 pages 2575-2579.doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.03.094 PMID 17531984
  • 117. McGregor IS, Callaghan PD, Hunt GE (May 2008). "From ultrasocial to antisocial: a role for oxytocin in the acute reinforcing effects and long-term adverse consequences of drug use?". Br. J. Pharmacol. 154(2): 358–368. doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.132. PMC 2442436. PMID 18475254. Recent studies also highlight remarkable anxiolytic and prosocial effects of intranasally administered OT in humans, including increased ‘trust’, decreased amygdala activation towards fear-inducing stimuli, improved recognition of social cues and increased gaze directed towards the eye regions of others (Kirsch et al., 2005; Kosfeld et al., 2005; Domes et al., 2006; Guastella et al., 2008).
  • 118. Miller GM (January 2011). "The emerging role of trace amine-associated receptor 1 in the functional regulation of monoamine transporters and dopaminergic activity". J. Neurochem. 116 (2): 164–176.doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07109.x. PMC 3005101. PMID 21073468.
  • 119. Bancroft J (September 2005). "The endocrinology of sexual arousal". The Journal of Endocrinology 186(3): 411–27. doi:10.1677/joe.1.06233. PMID 16135662.
  • 120.  Donatella Marazziti; Domenico Canale (Aug 2004). "Hormonal changes when falling in love".Psychoneuroendocrinology 29 (7): 931–936. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2003.08.006. PMID 15177709.
  • 121. Lewis, Thomas; Lannon, Richard; Amini, Fari (2000). A General Theory of Love. Vintage Books USA.ISBN 978-0-307-42434-1.
  • 122. Reward, Motivation, and Emotion Systems Associated With Early-Stage Intense Romantic Love by Arthur Aron1, Helen Fisher, Debra J. Mashek, Greg Strong, Haifang Li and Lucy L. Brown in Journal of Neurophysiology (2005) Volume 94, pages 327-337.
  • 123. Bartels, Andreas; Zeki, Semir (27 November 2000). "The Neural Basis of Romantic Love".NeuroReport (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) 11 (17): 3829–3834. doi:10.1097/00001756-200011270-00046. PMID 11117499. Retrieved 27 March 2012. Lay summary – BBC News (5 July 2000).
  • 124. S. Ortigue; F. Bianchi-Demicheli; A. F. de C. Hamilton; S. T. Grafton (Jul 2007). "The Neural Basis of Love as a Subliminal Prime: An Event-related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study".Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19 (7): 1218–1230. doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.7.1218.
  • 125. [The "God" Part of the Brain: A Scientific Interpretation of Human Spirituality and God, Matthew Alper, Sep 1, 2008 - Science]
  • ==
  • 134. [Limbic Resonance, by Natural Motherhood, 2013/04/09]
  • 135. [Can Resonant Oscillations of the Earth Ionosphere Influence the Human Brain Biorhythm? ”Pearls” and Human Brain Biorhythm, by V.D. Rusov et al. arXiv:1208.4970, physics.gen-ph, Aug 23, 2012]
  • 136. [Simulation of Modes of Ionosphere Alfven Resonator with High Quality Factors in the Case of Oblique Geomagnetic Field by Volodymyr Grimalsky, JEMAA Vol.4 No.5, May 2012] 
  • 137. [The Geometry of Infinite Mind by Ernest Emery Richards]
  • 138. [Cerebral Breathing by E. E. Richards]
  • [EUTOPIA, WHISTLE WHILE YOU WORK by Micheal B. Minix, Sr., M.D., July 1, 2015]


“Multi-Sensory processing is the process that organizes sensation from one’s own body and the environment, thus making it possible to use the body effectively within the environment. 


"Specifically, it deals with how the brain processes multiple Sensory modality inputs,[1][2] such as proprioception, vision, auditory system, tactile, olfactory, vestibular system, interoception, and taste into usable functional outputs.


"It is believed that Multi-Sensory inputs from different Multi-Sensory organs are processed in different areas in the brain. The communication within and among these specialized areas of the brain are known as functional integration.[3][4][5]

 

Newer research has shown that these different regions of the brain may not be solely responsible for only one Multi-Sensory modality but could use multiple inputs to perceive what the body senses about its environment. Multisensory integration is necessary for almost every activity that Humans perform because the combination of Multiple-Sensory inputs is essential for Humans  to comprehend their environments and surroundings. 


  • 1. [Stein BE, Stanford TR, Rowland BA (December 2009). "The neural basis of Multi-Sensory integration in the midbrain: its organization and maturation". Hear. Res. 258 (1–2): 4–15. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2009.03.012. PMC 2787841. PMID 19345256.
  • 2. Stein BE, Rowland BA (2011). Organization and plasticity in Multi-Sensory integration: early and late experience affects its governing principles. Progress in Brain Research. 191. pp. 145–63. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53752-2.00007-2. ISBN 9780444537522. PMC 3245961. PMID 21741550.


 “Multi-Sensory inputs themselves originate from different electrical signals and in different conditions and environments and appears to manifest "Coupling between neuronal activity and microcirculation, which is an implication for future fMRI tecniques.  [Anzetta I, Grinvald A (2008). "Coupling between neuronal activity and microcirculation: implications for functional brain imaging".   HFSP Journal. 2 (2): 79–98. doi:10.2976/1.2889618. PMC 2645573. PMID 19404475.] [Mazurek KA, Schieber MH. Injecting instructions into premotor cortex. Neuron. December 7, 2017. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.006]


Hameroff’s personal beliefs are very much different from traditional religions in regard to the nature of the Human Soul. He believes “Universal Consciousness, or its immediate precursor Proto-Consciousness, has been in the Universe all along, perhaps since the Big Bang.”


“Hameroff and collegial scientists claim the Human Brain is similar to a quantum computer, and the informational 'qubit' states within the microtubules affect and produce the Human Soul when memorized and stored.


“More recently, in Hameroff and Penrose ORCH OR Theory, during transmission, the smallest sub-atomic particles or fundamental particles of Multi-sensory signals in the Brain are collapsed and transduced (reduced) into Multiple Supersymmetric Energy waves. 


Quantumness electron conduction collapses and is transduced (reduction) to the newly postulated smallest Supersymmetric sub-atomic and/or fundamental particles and Supersymmetric Oscillating Energy waves and are significantly amplified and Coherently broadcast throughout the brain, oscillating ephemerally, evanescently and, peculiarly, in parts of the Brain, they are broadcast like radio waves. 


Continuing with the meaning and purpose of Human Life, from all viewpoints of the most up-to-date, germane Scientists...... There are many examples of Consciousness, non-Consciousness (sleep, anesthesia) and other Conscious NeuroNetworks. The following is only one example; this is how the 'hook-up' and deliver actions:  

  • Multi-Sensory stimuli to the Human Brain from audible, invigorating, memorable religious sermons (preaching)  
  • become multiple Quantum Entangled and Quantum Coherent super-cohort Stimuli, 
  • when interacting with cohorts of molecular tubulin within Brain microtubules, 
  • together the 2 cohorts, of Sub-atomic and/or Fundamnental Particle Entanglements and Coherent ocillating waves, assemble Hybrid Supersymmetric qubits of information, instructions, and directions for civility, morality, obedience, belief and worship of God 
  • when repeatedor thought,  become willful Human Spiritual and Religious Kinetic Conscious NeuroNetworks and, additionally, when memorized, become NeuroNetworks stored within the Soul.

  

Concluding “The ORCH OR Theory asserted by Stuart Hameroff, Professor Emeritus at the Department of Anesthesiology and Psychology and the Director of the Center for Consciousness Studies at the University of Arizona and Sir Roger Penrose, mathematical physicist at the Mathematical Institute and Wadham College and University of Oxford, believe overall brain function derives from quantum level microtubule vibrations.


Hameroff and Penrose believe “the origin of consciousness reflects Human beings, Homo sapien-sapiens, place in our Universe, the nature of our existence. Unlike many other scientists, Hameroff and Penrose don’t believe that consciousness evolved from complex computations among brain neurons like cold, dark, dry artificial intelligence computers.  


Their ORCH OR Theory sc that consciousness derives from quantum vibrations in tubulin protein polymers, inside microtubules inside brain neurons, which both govern neuronal and synaptic function, and connect brain processes to self-organizing processes in the fine scale, ‘proto-conscious’ quantum structure of reality.”


“In other words, they believe they’ve found scientific evidence for the human soul.” 

“They claim six testable predictions published in 1998 have been fulfilled and none have been falsified. Examples they cite are the “recent discovery of warm temperature quantum vibrations in microtubules inside brain neurons, verified by many other scientists”. 


One significance is that man-made quantum computers require icy cold, dark and dry conditions to function, but the human brain functions in warm, wet and light conditions; a formidable contrast.


“Additionally, they have proved that anesthesia, which selectively erases consciousness while sparing non-conscious brain activities, acts via microtubules in brain neurons.”

 

Furthermore, Hameroff and Penrose found unexpected medical benefits,  fortunate discoveries; “treating brain microtubule vibrations could benefit a host of mental, neurological, and cognitive conditions.” 


More than significant serendipities, the discovery of Consciousness, the Soul and several phenomenal medical treatments are marvelous Blessings. 

[Human Soul Found? Quantum Theory Of Consciousness ‘Orch OR’ Claims Both Science And Religion Are True, by Patrick Frye, Feb 4, 2015, Inquisitor]

Files coming soon.

SULFUR, NUCLEIC ACIDS, NUCLEIN, CHNOPS

    Our Creator sews Nucleic Acid Codes, Intelligence and Information and reaps Human Mindful Souls.


Humans and all living organisms contain an organic compound called Nucleic Acid. Swiss biochemist Johann Friedrich Miescher (1869) discovered Nucleic Acids and found that cell nuclei contained this compound, which he named Nuclein.


The Nuclein compound contained the 6 elements, CHNOPS, necessary for life. the first organic compounds discovered to contain CHNOPS elements.


Additional research showed that different types of Nuclein were present in other cellular parts. Therefore, the name Nuclein was modified to its present name, Nucleic Acid.


Nucleic Acids are in Human Cell DNA, ribosomal RNA (rRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA). 


Nucleic Acids are in Microtubule alpha- and beta-tubulin RNA. [Schedl T, Burland TG, Gull K, Dove W. F. Cell cycle regulation of tubulin RNA level, tubulin protein synthesis, and assembly of microtubules in Physarum. J Cell Biol. 1984;99(1 Pt 1):155–165. doi:10.1083/jcb.99.1.155] 


Similar to Human beings' fingerprints, God's genetically encoded Human Brain Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology aka ‘God Module’ are fingerprints, recorded from EEG, MEG, PET, SPECT, MRI, fMRI, neurotransmitters, hormones and other laboratory findings and, similar to Human beings' wet signatures, different Human beings' intracellular DNAs. 


Sulfur is incorporated in intercellular coordinators, which are wet signature biological markers. 

God’s signature (CHNOPS) is distributed intracellularly in all forms of life. While 5 of these 6 elements (CHNOP) comprise the polypeptide chemical components of DNA, Sulfur (S) is an essential component of all living cells and coordinates the intercellular directions of DNA. 


In 1968, Dr. Harold Morowitz, per citation and work with Dr. Armstrong, was referring to humans, other animals, plants, and bacteria as “CHNOPS organisms”. CHNOPS atomic elements with atomic numbers equal-to or less-than 16 are essential for all animal, plant and unicellular life.


References:

  • [In 1968, Dr Harold Joseph Morowitz per citation referred to Earth-Based Humans, Animals, Plants, and Bacteria as “CHNOPS Organisms”.
  • [Energy Flow in Biology: Biological Organization as a Problem in Thermal Physics. Academic Press, Harold Joseph Morowitz, (1968)]. 
  • [Harold Joseph Morowitz (December 4, 1927 – March 22, 2016) was an American biophysicist, Yale University, NASA consultant]


The 3 organism categories, animals (which includes Humans), plants, and bacteria don’t use these 6 CHNOPS atomic elements in equal amounts. All life forms require certain core chemical elements needed for biochemical functioning, which are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur(CHNOPS), the elemental macronutrients for all organisms.[167] 


Together these make up nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, the bulk of living matter. 5 of these 6 elements (CHNOP) comprise the chemical components of DNA, the exception being sulfur. 


Nucleotides are molecular units for forming the nucleic acid polymers deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules for all life organisms on Earth. Nucleotides are the building blocks of Nucleic Acids.["Nucleotides". IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology. IUPAC Gold Book. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists. 2009. doi:10.1351/goldbook.N04255. ISBN 978-0-9678550-9-7.]


“Structure of DNA Molecules is a very long chain polymer made up of thousands of repeating units called nucleotides. Each Nucleotide Unit is composed of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. The Nitrogenous Bases are; adenine (A) thymine (T) guanine (G) cytosine (C).

Watson and Crick (early 1950's) determined the structure of the DNA molecule, which consists of 2 chains of nucleotide units in a twisted ladder-like structure. (resembles a spiral staircase). This spiral staircase is called an alpha helix. [https:www.tonawandacsd.org]


Sulfur is equally important. “Sulfur is a component of proteins, some of the amino acids. polypeptides, proteins, and enzymes. However, except for the vitamins biotin and thiamine, cysteine and all sulfur-containing compounds in the human body can be synthesized from methionine. The enzyme sulfiteoxidase is needed for the metabolism of methionine and cysteine in humans and animals.


In intracellular chemistry, sulfur operates as a carrier of reducing hydrogen and its electrons for cellular repair of oxidation. “Reduced glutathione, a sulfur-containing tripeptide, is a reducing agent through its sulfhydryl (-SH) moiety derived from cysteine. The thioredoxins, a class of small proteins essential to all known life, use neighboring pairs of reduced cysteines to work as general protein reducing agents, with similar effect.


God’s signature (CHNOPS) is distributed intracellularly in all forms of life. While the 5 of these 6 elements (CHNOP) comprise the chemical components of DNA, Sulfur (S) is an essential component of all living cells, coordinating the intercellular directions of DNA.

 

“Many important cellular enzymes have groups ending with -SH, hydrogen bond moieties (parts) to handle reactions involving acyl-containing biochemicals: two common examples from basic metabolism are coenzyme A and alpha-lipoic acid.[76] Two of the 13 classical vitamins, biotin, and thiamine, contain sulfur, with the latter being named for its sulfur content.


“In intracellular chemistry, sulfur operates as a carrier of reducing hydrogen and its electrons for cellular repair of oxidation.Inorganic sulfur forms a part of iron–sulfur clusters as well as many copper, nickel, and iron proteins. Most pervasive are the ferrodoxins, which serve as electron shuttles in cells. Sulfur has other important functions supporting all forms of life. 76. [Nelson, D. L.; Cox, M. M. (2000). Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry (3rd ed.). New York: Worth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-57259-153-0.] [Wikipedia]


Please see photo above Figure 1. Ancient Energy Conservation from Ferredoxin to ATP in the Acetyl CoA Pathwa for the following description of the ancient ATP pathway: "The chemically simpler, and probably older (ancient), biochemical mechanism to generate ATP is substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP). 


In SLP, exergonic chemical reactions of carbon compounds generate intermediates with high energy phosphate bonds that can phosphorylate ADP in a subsequent energy releasing reaction. The enzymes involved are typically soluble with a simple subunit composition. There are about a dozen compounds in metabolism that directly phosphorylate ADP, they were known 50 years ago (Decker et al., 1970) and the list has not grown since. 


In SLP, phosphate enters metabolism via acyl phosphate or phosphoenolate bonds through energy releasing reactions of carbon compounds. Although there are many reactions in nature that harbor enough energy to support SLP, the reactions that are used by metabolism for the purpose of SLP involve changes in the oxidation state of carbon. 


In substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP), the energy to phosphorylate ADP resides in carbon chemistry.

Phosphate bonds are used as an energy currency because they have a high free energy of hydrolysis. That, in turn, is because phosphorus, in contrast to carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, possesses a third, more open, shell with d orbitals available for further combination, which can readily accept lone pairs of electrons (Wald 1964).


In chemistry thioesters are compounds with the functional group R–S–CO–R'. They are the product of esterification between a carboxylic acid and a thiol. In biochemistry, the best-known thioesters are derivatives of coenzyme A, e.g., acetyl-CoA. [ Matthys J. Janssen "Carboxylic Acids and Esters" in PATAI's Chemistry of Functional Groups: Carboxylic Acids and Esters, Saul Patai, Ed. John Wiley, 1969, New York: pp. 705–764. doi:10.1002/9780470771099.ch15]


Sulfur also has d orbitals and is also involved in biological energy conservation. Sulfur functions as a biological energy currency in thioesters. Thioesters also have a high free energy of hydrolysis, making them chemically reactive. Goldford et al. (2017) found a prevalence of thioester-linked reactions in their phosphate-free network, suggesting an ancient role for thioesters in metabolism.


In line with that, Semenov et al. (2016) recently showed that thioesters can spontaneously generate autocatalytic chemical reaction networks with oscillating properties. Both studies point to a role for thioesters as simple carriers of chemical energy in the assembly of early metabolic networks.


 Can metabolic energy get even simpler than thioesters? Yes, but that brings us all the way back to FeS clusters and H2, which in terms of chemical simplicity are hard to underbid.


H2 is a rich source of chemical energy for microbes. Under anaerobic conditions, the reaction of CO2 with H2, releases energy—a reason why biologists have always thought that anaerobic autotrophs are ancient (Decker et al., 1970, Fuchs, 2011). Both H2 and CO2 were abundant on the early Earth (Sleep et al., 2011). Their exergonic reaction to form a thioester is the basis of the most ancient CO2 fixation pathway, the acetyl-CoA pathway (Fuchs 2011).


Among the six CO2 fixation pathways known, the acetyl-CoA pathway (Figure 1) stands out from an energetic standpoint. It provides carbon backbones while releasing energy that cells harness to make ATP. 


The other five pathways fix CO2 at ATP expense (Fuchs 2011), a reason why Goldford et al. (2017) included acetate among their starting compounds. The electrons that flow to CO2 in acetyl-CoA  pathway (Figure 1) flow through FeS (Ferrous {iron ²} + sulfide {Sulfur¯² }) clusters of ferredoxins, which are ancient electron carriers and, like H2, an energy currency in their own right (Herrmann et al., 2008). [ Energy in Ancient Metabolism William F. Martin1,* and Rudolf K. Thauer2 1Institute for Molecular Evolution, University of Du¨ sseldorf, 40225 Du¨ sseldorf, Germany 2Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany *Correspondence: bill@hhu.de http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.02.032 ]


Files coming soon.
  • GEO WHEELER WALDEN POND
  • FINAL STAGE OF CREATION

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